Adolescent psychological well-being is increasingly recognized as an important dimension of educational quality, particularly in achievement-oriented educational systems where family expectations may be experienced as pressure rather than support. This study examines the relationships among perceived family educational pressure, mathematics anxiety, and psychosomatic symptoms using data from PISA 2022. The initial data extraction covered the complete PISA 2022 public-use student records for comparable Confucian-heritage East Asian systems including Hong Kong (China), Macao (China), and Chinese Taipei ( N = 16,148). Because psychosomatic-symptom data were unavailable for Chinese Taipei and complete information was required across the focal variables, covariates, and survey weights, the final mediation sample comprised 4,994 students from Hong Kong and Macao. A design-based mediation analysis was conducted using the PISA final student weight and all 80 BRR-Fay replicate weights, controlling for socioeconomic status, gender, grade level, and immigrant background. Family educational pressure was positively associated with mathematics anxiety (B = 0.187, p < 0.001), and mathematics anxiety was positively associated with psychosomatic symptoms after adjustment for family pressure and covariates (B = 0.159, p < 0.001). Family pressure also retained a positive direct association with psychosomatic symptoms (B = 0.122, p < 0.001). The design-based indirect association through mathematics anxiety was statistically distinguishable from zero (ab = 0.0303, 95% CI [0.0217, 0.0388]). The pattern of findings was positive across both participating economies and remained evident after additional adjustment for mathematics achievement using PISA plausible values. Overall, the findings indicate a modest cross-sectional indirect association linking perceived family educational pressure with psychosomatic symptoms through mathematics anxiety. Given the cross-sectional design, the results are interpreted as associations rather than causal effects.
Artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) offers new ways to generate inspiration for conceptual design, yet limited attention has been paid to the waiting period between prompt submission and AI image output. This study examined behavioral differentiation during this interval and investigated how the task relevance and cognitive load of waiting-period behaviors affect creativity in conceptual design. Three experiments were conducted with design students. Experiment 1 identified and classified core waiting-period behaviors ( N = 30); Experiment 2 measured the cognitive load of representative behaviors using the NASA-TLX ( N = 24); and Experiment 3 employed a behavior-based 2 × 2 conceptual framework ( N = 60), in which four representative waiting-period behaviors were selected to represent different combinations of task relevance (high/low) and relative workload (higher/lower), and their creative performance was compared. The results showed that the AIGC generation waiting period was not a passive interval but involved multiple identifiable behavioral patterns. Creative performance differed across the four representative behavioral conditions. Specifically, the overall creativity score in the GP condition was significantly lower than the scores in the RS, DB, and RB conditions, whereas no significant differences were observed among the latter three conditions. These findings further suggest that the subsequent influence of waiting-period behaviors on creativity may depend not only on the level of cognitive demand but also on whether cognitive resources remain directed toward the ongoing creative task. This study further interprets AIGC generation waiting-period behaviors from three interrelated functional perspectives: task continuity, cognitive expenditure, and temporary disengagement/incubation. This functional account provides an empirical basis for understanding the cognitive role of the AIGC generation waiting period and for optimizing AI-assisted conceptual design workflows.
Digital credit structures, exemplified by the “Buy Now, Pay Later” (BNPL) model, combine frictionless transactional accessibility with the underlying psychological vulnerabilities of users. This cross-sectional investigation maps the statistical covariation between perceived financial anxiety and distinct digital credit usage dimensions. Utilizing a dataset of 890 respondents (708 of whom are active BNPL users), regression and mediation analyses was conducted. The study evaluated subjective financial anxiety, BNPL usage (frequency, dependence, hedonic preference, and delinquency), impulsive buying tendency, and objective financial literacy. Analyses reveal an absence of significant correlation linking financial anxiety to operational usage frequency or overarching bill dependence. However, a robust positive covariation emerges between heightened financial anxiety and both the allocation of credit toward non-essential hedonic consumption and the propensity for debt delinquency. Impulsive buying tendency acts as a stable trait that shows a statistical indirect association in this cross-sectional relationship, and objective financial literacy does not significantly moderate this association. The structural pattern characterizes maladaptive digital default primarily as an emotion-regulation phenomenon—associated with the convergence of subjective insecurity and impulsive traits—rather than a mere deficit in mathematical knowledge. This highlights the need to incorporate behavioral friction elements into fintech interfaces.
Jonatan Baños-Chaparro, Miluska Glamis Moreyra-Ruiz, Andrei Franco-Jimenez, Diego Valencia-Pecho, Paul Ynquillay-Lima, Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez
Adolescent mental health is a growing public health concern, particularly among Indigenous populations, where linguistic and cultural barriers may limit access to appropriate psychological assessment. Therefore, having brief and culturally adapted instruments in Indigenous languages is essential to improve mental health assessment and research among Quechua-speaking adolescents. To translate and culturally adapt the Revised Mental Health Inventory-5 (R-MHI-5) from Spanish into Southern Quechua and examine its psychometric properties in Peruvian adolescents. A total of 2,978 adolescents from Angaraes, Huancavelica, participated in this instrumental, quantitative, cross-sectional study. Participants completed the Southern Quechua version of the R-MHI-5 and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Structural equation modeling and item response theory were applied. The Southern Quechua R-MHI-5 showed adequate content validity (Aiken’s V > 0.70) and a two-dimensional structure comprising psychological well-being and psychological distress, with satisfactory fit indices (CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.03, SRMR = 0.01). Reliability was adequate for both dimensions ( ω = 0.72; H = 0.78), and measurement invariance by sex was supported. Item response theory analyses showed satisfactory item functioning. Item 4 showed the highest discrimination and information for psychological well-being, whereas item 3 showed the highest discrimination and information for psychological distress. The scale provided greater information at intermediate levels of well-being and at intermediate-to-high levels of psychological distress. The Southern Quechua version of the R-MHI-5 showed adequate psychometric properties supporting its use to assess mental health among Quechua-speaking adolescents. Its brief format, two-dimensional structure, reliability, measurement invariance, and item-level performance support its application in research and mental health assessment in community settings.
Abdulaziz Faleh Al-Osail, Mashael Nasser Ayed Al-Dosari, Mohamed Sayed Abdellatif, Ali Lamouchi, Bandar Almailabi, Mohamed Ali Nemtallah
Despite growing recognition of spirituality’s role in psychological functioning, the literature remains critically devoid of psychometrically sound instruments capable of measuring faith-based cognitive insight within Muslim populations, as existing tools are predominantly anchored in Western secular frameworks inadequate for capturing Islamic epistemological dimensions. The present study aimed to develop and psychometrically validate the faithful insight scale (FIS) among Al-Azhar university students. A sequential multi-phase design was employed across two independent samples: an exploratory sample ( N = 679) and a confirmatory sample ( N = 843), alongside a retest subsample ( N = 140). Content validity was established through expert panel review, exploratory factor analysis examined the underlying structure, and confirmatory factor analysis evaluated competing models. Construct validity and reliability were comprehensively assessed. Results revealed a robust four-factor hierarchical structure encompassing constructive interpretation, surface–depth integration, meaning–value perception, and moral conscious awareness, demonstrating excellent model fit, strong convergent and discriminant validity, excellent internal consistency, and adequate temporal stability. The FIS constitutes a culturally grounded and empirically rigorous instrument that authentically integrates Islamic epistemological principles within contemporary psychometric methodology, offering researchers and practitioners a validated tool for advancing theory and evidence-based practice in Islamic psychology and Muslim mental health contexts.
