Policies
Corrections and retractions
How we correct the scholarly record.
Corrections
When an error affects the interpretation of an article, a correction notice is published and linked to the original article. The article's update history records the change.
Retractions
An article may be retracted when its findings are unreliable or when there is evidence of misconduct. Retracted articles remain accessible and are clearly marked, with a notice explaining the reason.
