Advances in the understanding of the immune system relationship with neoplasia and immuno-oncology approaches - Volume II

This Research Topic is the second volume in the successful series on "Advances in the understanding of the immune system relationship with neoplasia and immuno-oncology approaches". Please find the first volume of this Research Topic here.The immune system is a natural surveillance mechanism that assesses and eliminates potential threats to human health. In the situation of cancer, the immune system is failing to control and destroy neoplastic cells. Cancer immunotherapy (also referred as immune-oncology) is the modulation of the immune system to treat cancer, with the aim of improving the host immune response against neoplastic cells. Cancer immunotherapy exploits the fact that neoplastic cells express molecules, often on the surface, that can trigger an immune response. By providing and enhancing the tools for recognizing neoplastic cells, immuno-oncology therapies enable the recognition and response to neoplastic cells. There are several approaches to immunotherapy, including the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, T-cell transfer, monoclonal antibodies, treatment antibodies, and immune system modulators. Examples of specific types of immunotherapies include dendritic cell therapy (sipuleucel-T), adoptive T-cell therapy (CAR-T), antibody therapy (anti-CD47, anti-GD2, anti-CD52, anti-PD-L1, anti-SLAMF7, anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1, anti-CD20, anti-HER2/neu, etc.), cytokine therapy (interferon, interleukin), oncolytic virus, polysaccharides, neoantigens, cryo/photo/radio immunotherapy, etc.For example, in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which is one of the most frequent hematological neoplasia, CSF1R is identifying tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that are one of the most important components of the tumor microenvironment and host immune response. Interestingly, in some cases, the neoplastic B-lymphocytes are CSF1R positive. This fact is relevant because it has a prognostic relevance for the lymphoma patients, and in future, immunotherapy could target this pathway.In recent years, there has been an expansion of the applications of artificial intelligence in medicine. AI approaches allow the analysis of high-dimension oncological data and the development of precision immuno-oncology.This Research Topic welcomes manuscripts that deal with all aspects of the immune response in hematological neoplasia and cancer, from basic to clinical research and integrative analyses (including mice models and artificial intelligence analyses). Topic editors: Joaquim Carreras, Rifat Hamoudi, Iman Mamdouh Talaat Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/77772/advances-in-the-understanding-of-the-immune-system-relationship-with-neoplasia-and-immuno-oncology-approaches---volume-ii