Beyond convention: novel biologics – targeted therapies for neuroimmune diseases

Neuroimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and autoimmune encephalitis, are debilitating conditions characterized by an aberrant immune response against the nervous system. For decades, treatment has relied on broad-spectrum immunosuppressants, which, while effective for some, are often associated with significant side effects and increased infection risk due to their non-specific mechanisms. This has left a substantial unmet need for many patients. The field is now undergoing a transformation with the introduction of targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies against specific immune molecules (e.g., CD20, complement proteins) and small molecule inhibitors. These novel agents promise greater efficacy and precision. Furthermore, next-generation approaches like bispecific antibodies and CAR-T cell therapy are emerging, pushing the boundaries of precision medicine in neurology.The central challenge in this new therapeutic era is to harness the power of highly specific immunomodulation while effectively managing the associated challenges. These include understanding long-term safety profiles, mitigating risks like opportunistic infections and immunogenicity, and identifying biomarkers to guide personalized treatment strategies. This Research Topic aims to tackle these problems by consolidating the latest advancements in the development and clinical application of novel biologics and targeted therapies. We seek to foster a deeper understanding of how to balance profound efficacy with patient safety. By highlighting recent breakthroughs—from successful clinical trials of new agents to innovative cell-based therapies and drug delivery systems—this collection will provide a comprehensive platform to guide future therapeutic development and optimize clinical management for neuroimmune diseases.This Research Topic will focus on the rapid evolution of biologic and targeted therapies for neuroimmune diseases. We welcome contributions that explore recent advances in their development, clinical application, and associated challeng-es. The scope encompasses, but is not limited to, the following specific themes:• Mechanistic insights from preclinical studies and novel therapeutic targets.• Results from clinical trials (Phase I-IV) evaluating efficacy and safety.• Advancements in cell-based therapies (e.g., CAR T cells).• Safety, toxicity profiling, and management of adverse events.• Real-world evidence and comparative effectiveness research.• Discovery and validation of predictive and prognostic biomarkers.• Strategies to overcome treatment resistance and disease heterogeneity. Topic editors: Heng Li, Tingting Yang, Xindi Li Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/77141/beyond-convention-novel-biologics---targeted-therapies-for-neuroimmune-diseases