Biomarkers and Disease Trajectories Across Type 2 Inflammatory Disorders: From IgE to Microbiota

Type 2 inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), asthma, food allergy and eosinophilic esophagitis are increasingly recognized as interconnected conditions sharing common immunological pathways. However, their clinical course remains highly heterogeneous, with variable trajectories ranging from mild, transient manifestations to chronic, severe, and multisystem involvement. This Research Topic aims to identify and critically evaluate biomarkers capable of capturing disease trajectory across these conditions, with a particular focus on prediction of progression, treatment response, and long-term follow-up. Emphasis will be placed on integrating classical and emerging biomarkers into a dynamic framework that reflects disease evolution rather than static diagnosis, ultimately contributing to precision medicine approaches in type 2 inflammation.Type 2 inflammation is characterized by a complex network involving IgE-mediated responses, eosinophilic activation, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and environmental triggers. Traditional biomarkers such as total and specific IgE, as well as eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), have been widely used in clinical practice. However, their role as predictors of disease trajectory across different type 2 disorders remains insufficiently defined. Moreover, increasing evidence highlights the role of the microbiota—particularly the gut microbiome—in modulating immune responses and potentially influencing the onset and progression of these diseases. Understanding how these factors interact across organ systems represents a key unmet need.This Research Topic welcomes original research articles, reviews, mini-reviews, and perspectives addressing biomarkers and mechanisms underlying disease trajectories in type 2 inflammatory disorders. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: The role of total and specific IgE, including IgE directed against Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, as biomarkers of disease progression and multimorbidity. Eosinophil-derived markers such as ECP in disease monitoring and prognostication. The utility of FeNO across different type 2 conditions beyond asthma. Allergen exposure as a dynamic biomarker influencing disease evolution. Cross-disease comparisons of biomarkers in food allergy, CRSwNP, atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis. The role of the microbiota, particularly gut–immune interactions, in modulating type 2 inflammation and shaping disease trajectories. We particularly encourage contributions adopting longitudinal and integrative approaches, combining clinical, immunological, and omics-based data to define biomarker signatures predictive of disease progression, transition, and treatment response across type 2 inflammatory diseases. Topic editors: Cristiano Caruso, Remo Poto, Fabiana Furci Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/83909/biomarkers-and-disease-trajectories-across-type-2-inflammatory-disorders-from-ige-to-microbiota