Closed-loop neuromodulation in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.

Neuromodulation therapies — deep brain stimulation, responsive neurostimulation, spinal cord stimulation, and transcranial approaches — have transformed the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, treatment-resistant depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Conventional open-loop systems deliver stimulation on a fixed schedule regardless of the patient’s real-time brain state, which limits efficacy and can cause side effects from over- or under-stimulation.Closed-loop neuromodulation addresses this limitation by continuously sensing neural biomarkers — local field potentials, oscillatory activity, or other electrophysiological signals — and adjusting stimulation parameters in real time in response to the patient’s fluctuating symptoms or brain state. This adaptive approach has already shown clinical promise in devices such as the NeuroPace RNS system for epilepsy and in emerging adaptive deep brain stimulation platforms for movement and psychiatric disorders, and it raises new questions about biomarker identification, algorithm design, device engineering, and the ethical implications of continuous brain monitoring.This Research Topic aims to bring together current research on the design, validation, and clinical application of closed-loop neuromodulation systems across neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. We welcome contributions addressing, but not limited to:-Identification and validation of neural biomarkers for adaptive stimulation control-Algorithm and control-system design for real-time closed-loop feedback-Clinical trial data and case studies of closed-loop devices in epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, depression, OCD, and other conditions-Comparative studies of open-loop versus closed-loop stimulation outcomes-Signal processing and machine learning approaches for symptom or state decoding-Device engineering, hardware innovations, and bidirectional brain-computer interfaces-Ethical, regulatory, and patient-safety considerations in continuous neural monitoring and adaptive stimulation Topic editors: Di Lu, Sichang Chen, Feng Yin, Shuai Wang, Mingming Zhao, Huaqiang Zhang Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/86889/closed-loop-neuromodulation-in-neuropsychiatric-and-neurological-disorders