CNS demyelinating diseases: from biology to translational medicine

Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), including multiple sclerosis (MS) and related inflammatory and degenerative disorders, represent a major cause of neurological disability worldwide. These conditions are characterized by immune-mediated damage to myelin and oligodendrocytes, leading to impaired axonal conduction, neurodegeneration, and progressive functional decline. Advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying demyelination, including the roles of innate and adaptive immunity, glial cell dysfunction, mitochondrial alterations, and impaired remyelination, have contributed to the development of disease-modifying therapies that effectively control inflammatory activity and reduce relapse rates in many patients. However, important challenges remain, particularly in addressing progressive disease stages and promoting tissue repair and functional recovery. Therefore, continued progress in elucidating the cellular and molecular events underlying these disorders, together with their integration into translational research, is essential to further refine current therapeutic strategies and support the development of new interventions.This Research Topic aims to advance current knowledge on the pathophysiology of CNS demyelinating diseases by identifying and characterizing cellular and molecular mechanisms that may contribute to the initiation and progression of demyelination. In particular, we seek contributions that provide novel insights into neuroimmune interactions, glial cell dysfunction, metabolic alterations, and other processes that may trigger or exacerbate myelin damage and impair repair mechanisms. Moreover, we seek integrate these mechanistic findings with translational research approaches, with the goal of exploring how discoveries at the cellular and molecular level can inform clinical practice. This includes the identification of novel therapeutic targets, the development of biomarkers to improve disease stratification and differential diagnosis, and the evaluation of strategies that may enhance tissue repair and functional recovery. By bridging basic and clinical research, this Research Topic seeks to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of demyelinating diseases while supporting the gradual translation of laboratory findings into clinically relevant applications.This Research Topic welcomes contributions addressing key biological and translational aspects of CNS demyelinating diseases. Areas of interest include, but are not limited to:• Mechanisms of demyelination and remyelination• Neuroimmune interactions and glial cell crosstalk• Oligodendrocyte precursor cell biology and differentiation• Axonal degeneration and neuroprotection• Metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction in demyelination• Advanced in vitro and in vivo models of demyelinating diseases• Biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response• Emerging therapeutic strategies, including regenerative and cell-based approaches• Translational studies bridging preclinical findings and clinical applicationsWe welcome Original Research Articles, Reviews, Mini-Reviews, Hypothesis & Theory, Clinical Trial and Perspective articles that provide mechanistic insight and/or translational relevance.Please note that Jose Miguel Valdés has a grant from AstraZeneca for developing a live cell diagnostic assay, honoraria from Marck for a "Post Ectrims" presentation , and travel support from Merck. Topic editors: Luisa F. Duarte, Ma. Cecilia Opazo, Lorna Galleguillos Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/80484/cns-demyelinating-diseases-from-biology-to-translational-medicine