Current Status of Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's syndromes - Vol. II

The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonian syndromes have changed significantly over the last 30 years. The heterogeneity of clinical presentations has led to the recognition of distinct motor, non-motor, and overlapping subtypes, while advances in clinical assessment, neuroimaging, biomarkers, genetics, and digital technologies have supported more precise differentiation of Parkinson’s disease from atypical and secondary parkinsonian syndromes. These developments have expanded diagnostic options and created new opportunities for more personalised approaches. However, important gaps remain, particularly in the early and prodromal stages of disease, in patients with atypical or mixed presentations, and in the translation of emerging tools into routine clinical practice.Building on the first volume (linked below), this Research Topic aims to present current diagnostic options and possibilities, draw meaningful conclusions from recent scientific evidence, identify existing limitations and gaps, and highlight potential future directions. A new focus of this second volume will be the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in diagnosis and differential diagnosis. We welcome contributions exploring AI applications in neuroimaging, clinical records, speech, gait, handwriting, facial expression, wearable-sensor data, and other digital biomarkers. Studies investigating multimodal AI models for early detection, phenotypic classification, differential diagnosis, and prediction of disease progression are particularly encouraged. Critical assessments of model validation, interpretability, generalisability, data quality, fairness, privacy, and implementation in clinical practice are also welcome. AI-based approaches should be considered alongside clinical expertise and established diagnostic methods.We welcome Reviews, Mini Reviews, Original Research, Methods, Perspectives, and Opinion articles addressing, but not limited to:- The current understanding and classification of Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonian syndromes- Motor, non-motor, and overlapping subtypes and their relevance to diagnosis- Prodromal, early-stage, and personalised diagnostics- New approaches to differential diagnosis, including the distinction between Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies, vascular parkinsonism, and drug-induced parkinsonism- Emerging diagnostic methods and their limitations- Fluid, tissue, molecular, genetic, and pathological biomarkers- MRI, PET, SPECT, transcranial sonography, and other neuroimaging approaches- Digital biomarkers, wearable technologies, remote monitoring, and sensor-based assessment- Artificial intelligence and machine learning for clinical assessment, neuroimaging analysis, digital phenotyping, disease subtyping, and prediction of progression- Explainable, multimodal, and clinically validated AI-based diagnostic models- Diagnostic criteria, clinical rating scales, and standardised assessment protocols- Misdiagnosis, diagnostic uncertainty, and barriers to implementation- Future opportunities and perspectives for improving diagnostic pathwaysTo ensure that each method and subject is covered comprehensively and appropriately, potential contributors are encouraged to check whether a similar manuscript has already been published or accepted in the first volume. All contributions must be within the scope of the journal and section to which they are submitted.View the first volume of this collection at this URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/72804/current-status-of-diagnosis-and-differential-diagnosis-of-parkinsons-disease-and-parkinsons-syndromes Topic Editor Prof. Dr. Wolfgang H. Jost is consultant and speaker for: Abbvie, Bial, Desitin, Merz, Mitsubishi, Zambon. Topic Editor Prof. Dr. Kallol Ray Chaudhuri has recently been in the Advisory board of: AbbVie, UCB, GKC, Bial, Cynapsus. Topic editors: Wolfgang H. Jost, K Ray Chaudhuri Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/84955/current-status-of-diagnosis-and-differential-diagnosis-of-parkinsons-disease-and-parkinsons-syndromes---vol-ii