Diet–microbiome interplay in shaping the gut resistome and antimicrobial resistance

The study of the human microbiome has revealed a vital role in the emergence, persistence, and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), largely through the accumulation and exchange of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Microbial communities in the gut, oral cavity, and skin not only provide essential health benefits but also act as reservoirs for ARGs, facilitating their transfer to potential pathogens via horizontal gene transfer mechanisms. While antibiotic exposure is recognized for disrupting microbial balance and promoting antimicrobial resistance, diet and microbial metabolites have emerged as significant factors influencing the composition and dynamics of the gut resistome. Recent advances have shown that dietary patterns and interventions, such as high-fiber diets, prebiotics, and probiotics, modulate the abundance and spread of ARGs, while state-of-the-art ‘omics’ and computational approaches are unraveling the complex ecological networks and molecular pathways underpinning these phenomena. However, the precise mechanisms connecting dietary components, microbiome function, ARG transfer, and host health remain an evolving frontier in AMR research.This Research Topic aims to deepen our understanding of the multifaceted interactions between diet, the gut microbiome, and antimicrobial resistance. By interrogating how dietary factors, microbial metabolites, and intervention strategies reshape the resistome and modulate horizontal gene transfer among commensals and pathogens, the research will illuminate mechanisms driving ARG spread and persistence. Ultimately, the goal is to identify actionable targets for novel dietary approaches and microbiome-based therapeutics to mitigate AMR, foster improved clinical outcomes, and address existing gaps in preventing or reversing resistance. Contributions addressing integrative ‘omics’ analyses, mechanistic insights, and translational potentials are especially encouraged to catalyze the development of effective, sustainable interventions.This Research Topic aims to deepen our understanding of the multifaceted interactions between diet, the gut microbiome, and antimicrobial resistance. By interrogating how dietary factors, microbial metabolites, and intervention strategies reshape the resistome and modulate horizontal gene transfer among commensals and pathogens, the research will illuminate mechanisms driving ARG spread and persistence. Ultimately, the goal is to identify actionable targets for novel dietary approaches and microbiome-based therapeutics to mitigate AMR, foster improved clinical outcomes, and address existing gaps in preventing or reversing resistance. Contributions addressing integrative ‘omics’ analyses, mechanistic insights, and translational potentials are especially encouraged to catalyze the development of effective, sustainable interventions. Topic editors: Vidya V Jadhav (Patil), Scott H Harrison, Ronni Mol Joji Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/75968/diet-microbiome-interplay-in-shaping-the-gut-resistome-and-antimicrobial-resistance