Exploring the neuroethical dimensions of AI and machine learning in human neuroscience research

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence algorithms are being broadly applied to human neuroscience research with growing success, from medical imaging to cognitive neuroscience, from basic research to clinical neuroscience. For example, large language models like BARD and ChatGPT are now being considered, applied, and evaluated for a variety of neuroscience problems. In parallel, the broader ethical questions regarding the development and implementation of these models within clinical neuroscience or larger societal frameworks are also being discussed and addressed in a multitude of ways. In addition, artificial intelligence and machine-learning methods also shape the full lifecycle of human neuroscience research, including neuroimaging, electrophysiology, computational psychiatry, cognitive neuroscience, brain–computer interfaces, clinical prediction and decision support. Generative AI, multimodal systems and foundation models, including large language models and models trained on neural, behavioural, and clinical data, are creating new possibilities for scientific discovery and clinical translation. At the same time, these developments raise distinctive ethical, legal, and societal questions concerning the sensitivity of neurodata, mental-state inference, autonomy, identity, fairness and the governance of AI-mediated neuroscience.This Research Topic proposal seeks manuscripts that span the intersections of machine learning and AI in neuroscience, and neuroethics. Reviews, methods, perspectives, original or clinical studies, which address the development or application and evaluation of AI/ML methods in human neuroscience research are within scope for this Research Topic. Each submission should include a section discussing and addressing ethical issues associated with the deployment of such methods and potential harms or unintended consequences. Collaborative efforts including input from basic neuroscientists, computer scientists, clinicians and/or neuroethicists will be particularly considered. Topic editors: Stephanie Hare, Marietjie Wilhelmina Maria Botes, Zachary Freudenburg Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/85539/exploring-theneuroethicaldimensions-of-ai-and-machine-learning-in-human-neuroscience-research