Extracellular Vesicles in In Vitro Embryo Production: Implications for Cell Fate Determination and Developmental Competence

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as powerful regulators of intercellular communication, playing key roles in conveying molecular cues during gametogenesis, fertilization, and early embryonic development. While their functions in vivo are increasingly recognized, the role of EVs in in vitro embryo production (IVEP) systems remains underexplored. In in vitro environments such as IVEP, embryos often face suboptimal conditions that can alter developmental trajectories and compromise cell fate decisions. EVs derived from reproductive fluids, including follicular, oviductal, and uterine sources, are known to carry RNAs, proteins, and lipids essential for oocyte maturation and embryo quality. Thus, understanding how these vesicles influence the molecular and epigenetic landscape of developing embryos may hold the key to improving developmental competence and long-term health outcomes.This Research Topic aims to advance our understanding of EV-mediated signaling within the context of in vitro embryo production, focusing on how EVs impact early cell lineage specification, epigenetic programming, and embryo viability. It seeks to bridge developmental biology and assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) by examining how EVs might mitigate the limitations of in vitro culture conditions and restore developmental potential. This topic focuses on in vitro embryo systems and translational strategies to improve ART outcomes through EV supplementation and the acquisition of mechanistic insights.We invite contributions addressing, but not limited to, the following:• The role of EVs from follicular/reproductive tract fluids in supporting oocyte maturation and fertilization• Effects of EVs supplementation on blastocyst formation and embryo quality in IVEP systems• Mechanisms by which EVs regulate cell fate determination and lineage segregation in preimplantation embryos• EV-mediated modulation of epigenetic markers and gene expression in in vitro embryos• Functional cargo of EVs (e.g., microRNAs, tRNA fragments, proteins) relevant to developmental competence• Applications of EVs to improve cryopreservation, embryo transfer outcomes, and implantation rates• Comparisons between EV effects in in vivo versus in vitro embryo development• The role of EVs in reproductive diseases and therapy Topic editors: Nima Azari-Dolatabad, Dawit Tesfaye, Ahmed Gad Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/74753/extracellular-vesicles-in-in-vitro-embryo-production-implications-for-cell-fate-determination-and-developmental-competence