Genetic and Immunological Host Determinants of Arboviral Disease Outcomes in Humans

Arboviral diseases are a growing global public health challenge caused by viruses transmitted by hematophagous arthropods, including mosquitoes, ticks, and biting midges. Medically important arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya, yellow fever, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses cause millions of infections annually, resulting in considerable morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burden. Climate change, urbanization, global travel, and the expansion of competent arthropod vectors have facilitated the emergence and geographic spread of these pathogens, leading to more frequent outbreaks and the establishment of arboviral diseases in previously unaffected regions. In addition, emerging arboviruses such as Oropouche virus have recently caused large outbreaks in South America, highlighting the continued risk of arboviral emergence.Host factors are increasingly recognized as critical determinants of arboviral disease outcomes, particularly in relation to disease severity. Human genetic susceptibility and immune status have been shown to influence clinical manifestations, although many aspects remain insufficiently understood. Investigating genetic and immunological contributors to disease outcomes in human populations may facilitate the identification of predictive markers of severity, enable timely interventions to prevent progression to severe forms, and help define risk groups for targeted vaccination strategies.This Research Topic focuses on host determinants of arboviral disease outcomes, with an emphasis on genetic and immunological perspectives. Advancing our understanding of host genetic and immune factors involved in disease pathogenesis is essential for guiding prevention strategies and developing effective therapeutic approaches against arboviral infections.We welcome contributions addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:Genetic Factors Polymorphisms in immune‑related genes (e.g., human leukocyte antigens, cytokines, interferon pathways) Host genetic susceptibility markers influencing viral replication or clearance Host population genetics associated with disease severityImmunological Factors Innate immune responses (type I interferon, pattern recognition receptors) Adaptive immunity (B‑cell and T‑cell responses) Immunopathogenesis (cytokine storms, cross‑reactive antibodies, antibody-dependent enhancement in dengue) Maternal-infant immunity and vertical transmission dynamics Topic editors: Laura Beatriz Talarico, Claudia Verónica Filomatori Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/85031/genetic-and-immunological-host-determinants-of-arboviral-disease-outcomes-in-humans