Genomic Innovations in Livestock: Bridging Genetic Insight and Sustainable Breeding

Livestock genomics is a rapidly evolving field that is transforming traditional breeding strategies and agricultural sustainability. Advances in molecular genetics, particularly the use of molecular markers such as microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have enabled unprecedented insights into the genetic makeup of domesticated animals. The characterization of genetic diversity, mapping of genes responsible for economically important traits, and the development of high-throughput genomic tools now underpin efforts to optimize animal performance, health, and resilience. Landmark examples illustrate how molecular discoveries are already shaping breeding decisions: the identification of the slick prolactin receptor (PRLR) variant in cattle has opened pathways for selecting heat-tolerant animals better adapted to tropical and subtropical environments. Similarly, genomic dissection of the POLLED locus in cattle and small ruminants is offering an alternative to routine dehorning without sacrificing productivity. These examples reflect the translation of genomic knowledge into tangible breeding tools that serve both producers and society.Despite this progress, ongoing debates focus on the best methods to balance genetic improvement with the maintenance of genetic diversity, as well as on the integration of emerging genomic technologies into practical breeding programs. While landmark studies have demonstrated the promise of genomics to increase productivity and adapt livestock to changing environments, challenges remain around the equitable application of these advances across diverse production systems, particularly in smallholder and low-input contexts.This Research Topic aims to catalyze new discoveries and foster collaborations that bridge genomics, breeding, and sustainability within livestock agriculture. The central objective is to explore how the integration of comprehensive genomic data can drive genetic progress while safeguarding biodiversity and supporting broader sustainable development goals, such as zero hunger and responsible consumption. Key questions include: How can genomic information be efficiently utilized in routine breeding decisions? Which innovative methodologies can maximize both genetic gain and biodiversity? And what lessons can be drawn from historical developments in livestock genomics for future innovation?To gather further insights into the potential and limitations of genomics in livestock breeding, we welcome articles that address a broad but relevant range of themes. Submissions should remain focused on the use of genomic information for the improvement of farm animal production systems. We invite contributions addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:o Characterization and management of genetic diversity using genomic toolso Identification and functional analysis of genes underlying economically valuable traits, including pragmatic examples such as heat tolerance (slick/PRLR), polledness, disease resistance, and reproductive performance across livestock specieso Integration of genomic data into breeding value estimation and selection schemeso Development and validation of genomic selection methodologieso Genomic strategies to improve animal welfare traits, with emphasis on traits that reduce the need for invasive management practiceso Strategies to preserve biodiversity alongside genetic improvemento Case studies on the implementation of genomic information in commercial and smallholder breeding programso Socio-economic and ethical considerations in genomic-assisted livestock breeding Topic editors: Hugo Oswaldo Toledo-Alvarado, Cristina Sartori, Jorge Hidalgo Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/80326/genomic-innovations-in-livestock-bridging-genetic-insight-and-sustainable-breeding