Immune resistance and immune ecosystem remodeling in cancer and viral infections: integrating advanced experimental models, multi-omics, spatial biology, and Artificial Intelligence

Immune-mediated diseases, including cancer and viral infections, continue to pose major global health challenges despite remarkable advances in immunology and therapeutic development. In both contexts, dynamic interactions among immune cells, tissue-resident stromal populations, and diseased cells shape immune activation, immune evasion, disease progression, and therapeutic outcomes. Recent advances in single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, multi-omics profiling, computational biology, and artificial intelligence have enabled unprecedented characterization of immune ecosystems at high resolution. These technologies are transforming our understanding of immune resistance, host–tumor and host–pathogen interactions, and the molecular mechanisms underlying immune dysfunction while revealing novel biomarkers, cellular networks, and therapeutic targets. Integrating these complementary approaches is now essential for translating biological discoveries into clinically actionable strategies that improve precision immunotherapy and antiviral interventions.Despite remarkable progress in immunology, significant challenges remain in understanding why immune responses fail to effectively eliminate malignant cells or control viral infections, and why many patients develop therapeutic resistance or disease progression. Existing biomarkers often provide only a partial view of complex immune ecosystems and are insufficient to capture the dynamic interactions among immune cells, tissue-resident stromal populations, malignant cells, or infected host cells. The goal of this Research Topic is to bring together multidisciplinary studies that advance our understanding of immune resistance and immune ecosystem remodeling through integrative experimental and computational approaches. We particularly encourage contributions leveraging organoid models, single-cell and spatial omics, multi-omics integration, systems immunology, computational modeling, artificial intelligence, digital pathology, and innovative bioinformatics to identify novel biomarkers, characterize host–tumor and host–pathogen interactions, and uncover actionable therapeutic targets. By fostering collaboration across immunology, oncology, infectious diseases, computational biology, and bioinformatics, this collection aims to accelerate the development of more precise, mechanistically informed, and clinically translatable immunotherapies and antiviral strategies.This Research Topic welcomes original research articles, reviews, perspectives, and methodological studies that advance our understanding of immune resistance and immune ecosystem remodeling in both cancer and viral infections. We encourage submissions addressing, but not limited to immune checkpoint resistance, tumor microenvironment dynamics  single-cell and spatial omics, multi-omics integration, computational biology  digital pathology, artificial intelligence and machine learning  biomarker discovery, immune cell heterogeneity, stromal–immune interactions  immune metabolism, host–pathogen interactions and novel therapeutic strategies organoid and organ-on-a-chip modelsStudies integrating experimental and computational approaches, as well as translational investigations with clinical relevance, are particularly encouraged. We welcome studies that integrate experimental findings with computational analyses, as well as purely computational investigations based on publicly available datasets, provided they offer novel biological insights or methodological advances.Conflict of Interest statement:Dr Tae Hyun Bae is listed as an inventor on a published, pending patent (US20260159485) assigned to AUTOTAC, Inc., a company founded by the author’s former principal investigator. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any potential conflict of interest. Topic editors: Kyuhyung Choi, MIN WOO KIM, Duy Do Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/83832/immune-resistance-and-immune-ecosystem-remodeling-in-cancer-and-viral-infections-integrating-advanced-experimental-models-multi-omics-spatial-biology-and-artificial-intelligence