Immunopathogenesis and immune regulation in HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and arboviral infections

The immunopathogenesis of viral diseases is a crucial focus in contemporary immunology, reflecting the interplay between viral agents and host immune responses. HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and arboviruses remain major global health challenges, capable of inducing both acute and chronic disease states that often involve dysregulated immunity. Current evidence indicates that in addition to direct viral cytopathic effects, it is the host’s immune system—through unnecessary or excessive inflammatory responses—that frequently contributes to tissue damage and long-term sequelae. Despite rapid advances in virology and immunotherapeutics, clinical options for preventing and managing the immune-mediated consequences of these infections are still limited, especially regarding persistent or post-acute syndromes. Recent studies highlight the pivotal but distinct roles of innate and adaptive immunity in modulating disease progression and outcome. However, there remain significant gaps regarding the mechanisms by which these viruses disrupt host immune homeostasis and fuel chronic inflammation, as well as how such processes might be therapeutically targeted.This Research Topic aims to advance our understanding of the mechanistic pathways underpinning immunopathogenesis in HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and arboviral infections. By assembling original research, reviews, and critical perspectives from international teams, we seek to elucidate how aberrant immune activation, cellular signaling perturbations, and cytokine networks drive pathologic outcomes in these diseases. Core objectives include dissecting the specific contributions of innate and adaptive immune branches, characterizing biomarkers predictive of disease severity, and identifying molecular targets for novel antiviral and immunomodulatory interventions. By fostering a multidisciplinary dialogue, this Research Topic aspires to catalyze the translation of basic immunological insights into improved diagnostics, prophylactic strategies, and therapies. A special emphasis will be placed on both established and emerging concepts in immune evasion, immune regulation, and inflammation dynamics across different viral pathogens.This Research Topic encompasses mechanistic, translational, and clinical research on immunopathogenesis related to HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and arboviruses. Submissions should focus on immunological processes and exclude articles unrelated to viral-induced immune dysfunction. To further advance scientific understanding, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:o Roles of innate and adaptive immunity in viral disease pathogenesiso Mechanisms of pro-inflammatory and dysregulated immune responseso Biomarker discovery for immunopathogenesis and disease progressiono Development and evaluation of antiviral and immunomodulatory therapeuticso Viral mechanisms of immune evasion and immune activationo Regulation of cellular immune signaling pathwayso Cytokine networks, chemokines, and inflammatory mediatorso Immune deregulation, including autoimmunity and immune exhaustiono Role of inflammasomes and cell death pathwayso Systems immunology approaches to human viral infections Topic editors: Mariza Gonçalves Morgado, Penghua Wang, Francesco Nicoli Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/78726/immunopathogenesis-and-immune-regulation-in-hiv-sars-cov-2-and-arboviral-infections