Insights into Escherichia: Prevalence, Emerging Resistance Mechanisms, and Public Health Implications

Escherichia represents a pivotal genus in clinical microbiology, public health, and molecular pathogenesis, due to its wide distribution among humans, animals, and diverse environmental reservoirs. Pathogenic Escherichia—including Escherichia coli and emergent species like E. albertii and E. ruysiae—are responsible for a broad array of illnesses, from gastrointestinal infections to life-threatening extraintestinal diseases. Alarming rates of antibiotic resistance in these species, particularly in multidrug-resistant strains, have elevated concerns worldwide. Recent studies underscore the complexity of resistance gene mobility, ecological reservoirs sustaining resistant populations, and a growing arsenal of adaptive mechanisms that enhance survival against antimicrobial interventions. Despite advances in genomics, metagenomics, and phenotypic assays, major gaps remain in characterizing newly discovered species, mapping resistance transmission between sectors, and formulating robust global strategies. Disagreements persist regarding the drivers of resistance spread, especially concerning agriculture, trade, and policy integration. The escalating threat to food security, healthcare systems, and economies makes it imperative to develop coordinated, evidence-based responses.This Research Topic aims to foster comprehensive, interdisciplinary research probing the prevalence, diversity, and molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and virulence in Escherichia species. The focus extends beyond cataloging resistant strains or virulence traits, seeking to unravel the genetic, biochemical, and ecological determinants that underpin resistance, transfer, and pathogenicity. Key objectives include elucidating the roles of adhesins, toxins, and regulatory networks in disease; exploring the impact of stress adaptation and metabolic flexibility on persistence; and advancing diagnostic and intervention strategies. By bridging molecular insights with translational approaches, this research topic seeks to inform clinical management, surveillance, and policy while highlighting avenues for innovative therapies and public health interventions.The scope of this Research Topic encompasses the integrative study of antibiotic resistance, molecular epidemiology, and virulence across Escherichia lineages, with an emphasis on cross-sectoral perspectives and translational value. While original findings on well-studied E. coli pathotypes are encouraged, research on emerging species and novel resistance or virulence determinants is highly valued. We welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:- Molecular and phenotypic mechanisms enabling resistance acquisition and transfer- Virulence strategies involving adhesins, toxins, secretion systems, and immune evasion- Regulation and evolution of pathogenesis, including stress adaptation and metabolic shifts- Integrative omics-driven approaches to track resistance and pathogenicity- Impact of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors on global health, food safety, and economics- Development and implementation of surveillance frameworks and intervention strategiesAppendix: This Research Topic welcomes submissions in the form of Original Research, Brief Research Report, Review, Methods, and Perspective articles. Topic editors: Xiumin Wang, Mustafa Sadek, Zhenlong Wang Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/77230/insights-into-escherichia-prevalence-emerging-resistance-mechanisms-and-public-health-implications