Microbial Signatures in Urogenital Cancers: Biology, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Potential

The human microbiome has emerged as a critical regulator of cancer biology, influencing tumor initiation, progression, immune surveillance, and response to therapy. In urogenital oncology, growing evidence highlights the role of microbial communities within the urogenital tract, gut, and tumor microenvironment in shaping the pathogenesis and clinical outcomes of prostate, cervical, bladder, and kidney cancers.Advances in sequencing technologies and multi-omics approaches have enabled deeper characterization of microbial signatures associated with urogenital malignancies, revealing potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, the microbiome has been implicated in modulating responses to systemic therapies, including immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and androgen deprivation therapy, opening new avenues for therapeutic intervention.By integrating multidisciplinary perspectives, this collection aims to advance understanding of host–microbiome interactions and accelerate the translation of microbiome research into clinical practice in urogenital oncology.This Research Topic aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on the microbiome in urogenital oncology, spanning basic, translational, and clinical research. We welcome original research articles, reviews, and perspectives addressing (but not limited to): • Mechanistic insights into microbiome-driven carcinogenesis • Microbiome–immune system interactions in urogenital cancers • Microbial biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response • Impact of the gut, urinary, vaginal and penile microbiome on immunotherapy outcomes • Microbic-targeted interventions (e.g., probiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation) • Methodological challenges and standardization in microbiome and metabolome researchTopic Editor, Sarah Lebeer, is a voluntary, unpaid academic board member of ISAPP, a current member of the scientific advisory board of Freya Biosciences, and the founder of aMylla. She also co‑founded YUN (yun.be) but no longer holds any formal role in the company. The university laboratory of S.L. has received seminar funding from Medinova and Yakult, and research funding from DSM I‑Health, Fonterra, and Lesaffre. None of these organizations were involved in the drafting of this review. Sarah Lebeer is a co‑inventor on patent applications related to urogenital strains intended for live biotherapeutic applications. The other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regard to the Research Topic subject. Topic editors: Łukasz Zapała, Sarah Lebeer Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/82902/microbial-signatures-in-urogenital-cancers-biology-biomarkers-and-therapeutic-potential