Monoclonal Antibodies in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases: Volume II

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its related neuroimmunological disorders including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) continue to represent major causes of chronic neurological disability worldwide. Since the introduction of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), the therapeutic landscape for these diseases has transformed, providing superior control of relapse activity, demyelination, and long-term disability progression. Building on the insights gained from the first volume, it is now evident that B-cell depletion, blockade of lymphocyte trafficking, and modulation of immune signaling pathways have redefined the treatment paradigm of MS. Recent studies have elucidated differential efficacy, mechanisms of resistance, and immunological sequelae associated with anti-CD20 agents (rituximab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, and ublituximab), as well as with alemtuzumab and natalizumab. Still, the field faces ongoing questions about optimizing sequencing strategies, managing adverse effects, minimizing infection risk, and addressing special populations such as pregnant and pediatric patients. The dynamic advances in both clinical evidence and immunopathology underscore the need to consolidate new findings and translate them into real-world precision care.This Research Topic aims to extend the discussion inaugurated in Volume 1 by deepening our understanding of therapeutic optimization, durability of clinical response, and long-term safety of monoclonal antibodies in MS and related disorders. The main goal is to evaluate efficacy and safety profiles through longitudinal, comparative, and mechanistic lenses while integrating emerging data from post-marketing surveillance and registries. It encourages exploration of how mAbs influence immune network restoration, neurorepair dynamics, and patient-reported outcomes. Furthermore, this volume seeks to highlight research that examines treatment responses in complex patient subsets, such as those with aggressive disease phenotypes, comorbid autoimmunity, or reproductive considerations. By fostering integration across immunology, neurology, and translational pharmacology, this collection aims to clarify optimal use strategies and inspire the next generation of antibody-based therapies.To gather further insights into how monoclonal antibodies are reshaping neuroimmunology and clinical practice, we welcome a broad range of original and review contributions. Submissions may address, but are not limited to, the following themes:• Long-term and comparative efficacy of monoclonal antibodies in MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD• Cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning mAb therapeutic response and resistance• Safety, infection risk, and immune reconstitution patterns following B- and T-cell depletion therapies• Effects of monoclonal antibodies on relapse rate, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and MRI lesion dynamics• Impact of treatment discontinuation or switching on disease rebound and immune recovery• Special populations: pregnancy, pediatric, and elderly patients under monoclonal antibody therapy• Real-world evidence from registries, pharmacovigilance data, and health systems research• Advances in antibody engineering, biosimilars, and next-generation precision therapeutics Topic editors: Mahsa Ghajarzadeh, Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi, Sreeram Ramagopalan Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/83143/monoclonal-antibodies-in-multiple-sclerosis-and-related-diseases-volume-ii