Multi-Scale Optimal Allocation and Operational Coordination of Hybrid Energy Storage in High-Penetration Renewable Energy Systems

The accelerating penetration of variable renewable energy is straining power system frequency regulation and operational flexibility, exposing the limitations of single-technology storage in meeting multi-timescale grid service requirements. This study proposes a multi-scale optimization framework for hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) that co-optimizes technology sizing and operational dispatch across multiple temporal and spatial scales.A data-driven rolling horizon optimization integrating renewable generation forecasting is first formulated to coordinate HESS dispatch across multiple time scales, from intra-hour frequency regulation to seasonal energy arbitrage. Building on this operational framework, a multi-layered configuration model is developed to optimally size complementary storage technologies — including electrochemical batteries, pumped-hydro, and long-duration storage — while incorporating cycle-dependent degradation models and distinct power-response characteristics. System-level performance assessment — including flexibility metrics, storage utilization rates, and levelized cost of storage (LCOS) — is embedded throughout to quantify operational efficiency and grid resilience under high-penetration renewable scenarios.Case studies demonstrate that the proposed framework reduces LCOS by 15–20% and improves coordinated utilization of diverse storage resources across multiple operating horizons. This research advances engineering methods for the design, scheduling, and degradation-aware operation of HESS in renewable-rich power systems, providing replicable optimization frameworks applicable to multi-technology storage configuration and dispatch. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:- Multi-scale sizing and co-optimization of hybrid energy storage systems in renewable-rich power grids- Data-driven and rolling horizon dispatch strategies for multi-technology HESS coordination- Cycle-dependent degradation modeling and lifetime assessment of grid-scale storage technologies- Multi-timescale HESS scheduling: from intra-hour frequency regulation to seasonal energy arbitrage- Renewable generation forecasting methods and their integration into storage dispatch frameworks- Grid flexibility quantification and resilience assessment under high renewable penetration scenarios- Techno-operational evaluation of HESS: flexibility metrics, utilization rates, and LCOS benchmarking- Coordinated planning of pumped-hydro, electrochemical, and long-duration storage in transmission and distribution systems Topic editors: Chutong Wang, Guoqing Gao, Shida Zhang, Chao Yang Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/80839/multi-scale-optimal-allocation-and-operational-coordination-of-hybrid-energy-storage-in-high-penetration-renewable-energy-systems