Neuroimaging in cognitive neuroscience

Neuroimaging has fundamentally reshaped cognitive neuroscience, transforming it from a discipline largely reliant on behavioral inference and lesion studies into one capable of observing the living human brain as it thinks, remembers, decides, and feels. Techniques such as functional MRI (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and positron emission tomography (PET) have collectively established a new empirical vocabulary for understanding how cognition works. Yet despite this progress, fundamental questions about the neural basis of higher-order cognition remain open, and the field is at an exciting inflection point driven by methodological innovation, larger datasets, and more sophisticated analytical frameworks.This Research Topic invites original research articles, reviews, and perspectives that examine the neural correlates and mechanisms of cognitive functions in the healthy and clinical human brain, using state-of-the-art neuroimaging approaches. We welcome contributions that bridge levels of analysis and that integrate neuroimaging with complementary methodologies, including computational modelling and behavioral assays. We also welcome theoretical or framework articles. Contributions may address, but are not limited to, the following themes:Attention and executive control — neural architectures of selective attention, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and task-switchingMemory systems — encoding, consolidation, retrieval, and reconsolidation processes examined through fMRI, EEG, and combined approaches; the role of hippocampal-neocortical interactions in episodic and semantic memory; and how retrieved visual memories re-enter a labile state and become susceptible to updating, distortion, or extinctionSocial and affective cognition — neural substrates of emotion regulation, mentalizing, empathy, and social decision-making Perception, mental imagery — the overlapping and distinct neural mechanisms of visual perception and voluntary mental imagery; predictive coding and top-down generative processes; cross-modal integration; the neural basis of conscious perception; and individual variation in imagery vividness Clinical translation — neuroimaging biomarkers in neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and neurological conditions, and what they reveal about the cognitive mechanisms underlying these disorders Topic editors: Joseph F X DeSouza, Manish Kumar Asthana Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/84752/neuroimaging-in-cognitive-neuroscience