Neuroimaging-Informed Neuromodulation: Targeting, Personalization and Validation

Neuromodulation, here broadly defined to encompass both invasive approaches (such as deep brain stimulation, implanted cortical stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation) and non-invasive approaches (such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation, and focused ultrasound) offers a powerful means of probing fundamental brain mechanisms and translating mechanistic insights into clinical practice. Important challenges remain, including interindividual variation in brain anatomy and treatment response, incomplete understanding of network organization and mechanisms of action, and limited knowledge of how neural effects evolve over time. Neuroimaging, referring to conventional MRI and PET imaging methods, neurophysiological techniques such as EEG and MEG, and emerging optical and ultrasound-based approaches can help clarify where, when, and how to intervene by identifying relevant brain networks and biomarkers, informing target and parameter selection, and monitoring neural and clinical effects.This Research Topic will bring together research examining how neuroimaging can enable more informed targeting, greater personalization, improved monitoring of intervention effects, and deeper mechanistic insight, supporting the development of more precise and effective neuromodulation strategies. Contributions may address the imaging-informed perspectives on short and long term neural changes; the development of real time and closed loop systems; multimodal data integration; computational modelling and artificial intelligence; and precision neuromodulation. Methodological validation, reproducibility, safety, and ethical considerations will also be central to the Topic.We welcome original experimental or clinical research, methodological studies, systematic reviews, and focused perspectives that critically examine current challenges and future directions in neuroimaging-informed neuromodulation. By connecting researchers working across neuroimaging, neurophysiology, and neuromodulation, this Research Topic aims to promote greater integration between these fields, identify priorities for future research, and support the translation of mechanistic and methodological advances into improved clinical interventions.Key areas of interest:· Precision targeting and stimulation planning· Individual variability and personalization· Brain networks and mechanisms of action· Long term monitoring of neural dynamics· Real time and closed loop neuromodulation· Multimodal imaging and neurophysiology· Computational modelling· Reproducibility and methodological validation· Safety and ethical considerations Topic editors: Jodie Naim-Feil, Mansoureh Fahimi Hnazaee Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/85161/neuroimaging-informed-neuromodulation-targeting-personalization-and-validation