Neuroinflammation in Peripheral Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives

Neuroinflammation within the peripheral nervous system (PNS) dynamically influences axon degeneration, tissue remodeling, and regeneration after injury and in various neuropathies. Interactions among Schwann cells, macrophages, and immune mediators can promote repair or exacerbate damage. Recent findings demonstrate that specific immune pathways critically regulate nerve recovery efficiency. Within this context, nodopathies - neuropathies involving autoimmune targeting of nodal and paranodal proteins such as neurofascin, contactin, and CASPR - represent a particularly informative model of peculiar immune-mediated mechanisms and their therapeutic implications, relevant to nodal integrity, nerve function, and repair processes. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which immune activity shapes the balance between degeneration and regeneration remain incompletely defined. Understanding these processes is key to developing precise interventions that modulate neuroinflammatory responses and support recovery.This Research Topic aims to elucidate how neuroimmune interactions contribute to peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration, integrating mechanistic, experimental, and translational perspectives. We encourage studies that dissect immune-glial communication, macrophage polarization, and molecular signaling involved in inflammation-driven repair, as well as studies on conditions such as nodopathies, where immune-mediated mechanisms and their therapeutic modulation provide valuable insights into peripheral nerve pathophysiology. The Research Topic also promotes approaches that bridge laboratory and clinical research by validating biomarkers, imaging tools, and therapeutic strategies targeting neuroinflammatory activity. By connecting mechanistic discoveries with clinical practice, we aim to advance understanding and treatment of immune-related and traumatic peripheral nerve disorders.The scope covers both basic and clinical research addressing inflammation-related mechanisms that govern degeneration, regeneration, and functional recovery in the PNS. To advance the field of neuroimmune regulation in peripheral nerve injury and disease, we welcome manuscripts - including Original Research, Brief Research Reports, Perspectives, Reviews, and more - addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:- Clinical and advanced imaging markers that quantify or track neuroinflammatory activity relevant to degeneration and regeneration- Clinical and translational aspects of targeting neuroinflammation in peripheral nerve disorders- Immune-Schwann cell and macrophage interplay during degeneration and regeneration- Molecular and cellular signaling that connects inflammation to axonal integrity and repair- Immunological mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives in nodopathies and related autoimmune neuropathies- Immunomodulatory and regenerative strategies enhancing nerve repair outcomes- Metabolic and mitochondrial control of neuroimmune responses- Experimental and computational models of neuroimmune dynamics in peripheral nerve repair- Therapeutic strategies that modulate neuroinflammation to enhance regeneration and functional recoveryFor manuscripts primarily centered on the clinical classification, diagnostic criteria, or management algorithms of demyelinating neuropathies as disease entities, please refer to the Research Topic Demyelinating Neuropathies: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Topic Editor Ghazala Hayat participates in speakers' bureaus and consulting activities for MTPA, Alexion, and Allergen. The other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regard to the Research Topic subject. Topic editors: Ghazala Hayat, Jose Antonio Gomez-Sanchez, Bruno Siqueira Mietto, FERNANDA ALMEIDA Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/79062/neuroinflammation-in-peripheral-nerve-degeneration-and-regeneration-mechanisms-and-therapeutic-perspectives