Neutrophil–B cell crosstalk in autoimmune diseases: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities

Autoimmune diseases arise from complex interactions between innate and adaptive immune cells that drive chronic inflammation, tissue injury, and loss of immune tolerance. While B cells are well recognized for their role in autoantibody production and antigen presentation, increasing evidence suggests that neutrophils actively shape B-cell responses through cytokine secretion, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, metabolic regulation, and direct cell–cell interactions. Likewise, activated B cells can modulate neutrophil survival, activation, and inflammatory function, establishing a bidirectional pathogenic circuit that contributes to disease progression.Recent advances in single-cell technologies, spatial transcriptomics, and immune profiling have expanded our understanding of neutrophil heterogeneity and B-cell dysregulation across autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, ANCA-associated vasculitis, Sjögren’s disease, and systemic sclerosis. However, many mechanisms underlying neutrophil–B cell communication and their translational implications remain incompletely understood.This Research Topic aims to provide a comprehensive overview of emerging discoveries related to neutrophil–B cell crosstalk in autoimmune diseases, spanning basic immunology, translational research, and therapeutic development. We seek to highlight how interactions between neutrophils and B cells contribute to immune dysregulation, autoantibody production, chronic inflammation, and tissue damage.Recent studies suggest that neutrophils are not merely terminal effector cells but also active regulators of adaptive immunity through mechanisms that include NETosis, interferon signaling, Fc receptor activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic reprogramming, and cytokine production. At the same time, B cells may influence neutrophil activation states and inflammatory responses through antibody-mediated and cytokine-dependent pathways. Understanding these interactions may reveal novel biomarkers of disease activity, treatment response, and therapeutic resistance.This Research Topic will also emphasize translational and clinical perspectives, including biomarker discovery, patient stratification, multi-omics approaches, and therapeutic strategies targeting innate–adaptive immune interactions. By integrating mechanistic and clinical studies, we aim to foster interdisciplinary discussion and accelerate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for autoimmune diseases. Topic editors: TING WANG, Runa Kuley, Chen Yu Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/81618/neutrophil-b-cell-crosstalk-in-autoimmune-diseases-mechanisms-biomarkers-and-therapeutic-opportunities