NLRP3 Inflammasome in Molecular and Cellular Pathology: Mechanisms, Regulation, and Therapeutic Targeting

The immune system relies on innate and adaptive immunity to protect the host from stress stimuli and infectious agents. The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, the most extensively studied and characterized inflammasome, plays a pivotal role in innate immunity. It modulates signaling pathways, triggers cytokine storms, mediates caspase-1 activation, and regulates IL-1β/IL-18 secretion in response to microbial infection and cellular damage. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway requires two independent and concomitant signals: signal 1 (priming) and signal 2 (activation). Dysregulation of this process is associated with various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, liver, lung, vascular, and neurodegenerative disorders.NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of cancer, and inhibitors directly targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome are worthy of further investigation in clinical trials. NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated signal initiation, transduction, integration, and perception are activated in multiple cancers, playing both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic roles. Nuclear receptors (NRs), adenovirus-associated vectors (AAV), and microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as crucial transcription factors, gene therapy vectors, and inflammatory regulators, respectively, in disease modulation. Consequently, combined therapeutic strategies integrating NLRP3 targeting with NRs, AAV, and miRNAs hold promise for developing novel prevention and treatment modalities, thereby advancing the field of personalized medicine.This Research Topic aims to explore the translational research of the NLRP3 inflammasome from molecular mechanisms to personalized therapy. We welcome submissions addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:Molecular mechanisms underlying NLRP3 inflammasome activation and regulation.Signaling events associated with NLRP3 inflammasome activation in chronic inflammatory pathologies.Innovative approaches for targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in gastrointestinal malignancies.Current trends in the development of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors.Development and optimization of personalized therapies targeting NLRP3.Accepted article types for this Topic include Original Research, Review Articles, and Rapid Communications. Case studies are not accepted for Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology; cross-listing can be requested if needed. Topic editors: LIQING ZHU, Asmat Ullah, Xingqi Wu, Silvia Alboni, Francesca Spyrakis Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/79702/nlrp3-inflammasome-in-molecular-and-cellular-pathology-mechanisms-regulation-and-therapeutic-targeting