Nutrition and Dementias

Metabolic and vascular diseases, such as obesity, diabetes/prediabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, are known risk factors for dementia. Approximately 70% of Alzheimer's disease patients have co-morbid vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Obesity, which is often co-morbid with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, increases AD risk threefold and VCID fivefold. Interestingly, dementia risk and prevalence vary by sex, with women being more likely to develop AD. It has been observed that a high-fat diet can exacerbate cognitive decline, impair hippocampal neurogenesis, induce brain atrophy, neuroinflammation, and Aβ load in different dementia rodent models. On the other hand, epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials have shown that adherence to healthy dietary patterns could improve cognitive function and lower dementia risk. In addition, several studies suggest that the gut microbiome and its metabolites may be causally connected to cognitive performance, associating dietary patterns with dementia outcome.This Research Topic aims to bring together innovative studies exploring the interplay between nutrition, vascular and metabolic diseases, and the onset of dementia. Furthermore, since the prevalence of dementia is higher in women than in men, one of the focuses of this Research Topic will be the importance of adopting different approaches for women and men, considering metabolic and hormonal differences to prevent and even treat dementia. In doing so, these strategies can help improve and extend the lives of elderly individuals.• Nutritional Interventions and Dementias: The impact of specific dietary patterns or nutrients on different types of dementia (Alzheimer’s disease, Frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, etc.).• Gut Microbiota and Dementia: The impact of dysbiosis on the onset of dementia.• Gut Microbiota Modulation and Dementia: The role of gut microbiota modulation in the prevention and treatment of dementia.Nutritional Interventions in the Context of Metabolic and Vascular Diseases and Dementia: The impact of dietary patterns in preventing dementia in individuals with metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes/prediabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Topic editors: Bartłomiej K. Sołtysik, Jonathan Martinez-Pinto Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/73609/nutrition-and-dementias