Regulatory immune networks in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is believed to result from dysfunction in the T regulatory cell (Tregs)-cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-natural killer (NK) cell axis, leading to a cytokine storm and the potentially fatal development of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS). In recent years, the involvement of Tregs—particularly those expressing FOXP3—in HLH pathophysiology has become an area of increasing research interest. The current understanding suggests that defects affecting immunological homeostasis, particularly excessive interleukin-2 (IL-2) consumption by hyperactive CTLs, may play a central role in the development and exacerbation of HLH.The goal is to explore the immune regulatory networks, including FOXP3 Tregs-CTL-IL2-interferon gamma (IFN γ) axis, in HLH syndrome of diverse etiologies and their potential clinical and therapeutic implications for a futuristic and effective patient care. We encourage the submission of studies—both qualitative and quantitative—that elucidate the role of immune cells in HLH of various etiologies. Both human (adult and pediatric) and animal model-based experimental studies are welcome, including original research, large case series, case-control, cohort, and preliminary/pilot studies. Manuscripts focusing on cytokine profiling and the bone marrow stromal microenvironment are also encouraged. Contributions may include, but are not limited to:- Immunological features, networks and molecular mechanisms of primary and secondary forms of HLH- Investigations into the quantitative and functional status of FOXP3 Tregs in HLH- Studies examining the FOXP3 Tregs-CTL-IL-2-IFN-γ axis in familial, infectious, autoimmune, and malignancy-associated HLH- Research on cytokine signatures and their links to immune regulatory pathways in HLH- Experimental and clinical studies addressing the bone marrow microenvironment in HLH- Therapeutic interventions targeting the Tregs-CTL-NK cell axis- Case series, cohort studies, and translational animal models addressing mechanistic and clinical aspects of HLHWe look forward to receiving submissions that advance understanding and improve clinical management of HLH through these research avenues. Topic editors: Somanath Padhi, Dr Vandana Puri, Saumyaranjan Mallick Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/79135/regulatory-immune-networks-in-hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis