The Impact of Environmental Toxins on Mitochondria and Mitochondria-Nucleus Communication

Mitochondria are central to cellular energy production and play critical roles in regulating cell survival, apoptosis, and adaptive stress responses. Growing evidence indicates that environmental toxins—including heavy metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and industrial chemicals—can specifically target mitochondria, disrupting both their energy metabolism and their communication with the nucleus. Such mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly implicated in the onset and progression of diseases such as neurodegeneration, metabolic disorders, and certain cancers. Recent studies have highlighted the role of disrupted mitochondrial activities in disease pathogenesis, yet significant gaps remain in understanding the exact mechanisms through which toxins exert their effects, as well as how these interactions affect mitochondria-nucleus communication.This Research Topic aims to bring together original research articles, comprehensive reviews, methodological advances, and perspectives that explore how various toxins impair mitochondrial physiology. The collection seeks to enhance understanding in areas such as the inhibition of electron transport chain complexes, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and direct damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Additionally, the topic will explore how toxins disrupt mitochondrial dynamics—including fission and fusion—interfere with mitophagy, and trigger the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), thereby advancing knowledge about pathways that lead to cell death. We also welcome contributions integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and related technologies to predict new chemical toxins and evaluate their effects on mitochondrial function and mitochondria–nucleus communication.To gather further insights into the disruption of mitochondrial function and exploring mito-nuclear communication, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:• Effects of environmental toxins on mitochondrial electron transport chain functionality• Mechanisms of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction• Roles of mitochondrial DNA damage and repair in toxicant-induced dysfunction• Disruption of mitochondrial dynamics, including fission, fusion, and mitophagy• Applications of Artificial Intelligence in identifying and predicting mitochondrial toxicantsIn conclusion, leveraging AI is crucial for navigating the vast chemical space and accelerating the identification of novel mitochondrial toxicants, which can exceed the throughput limitations of traditional experimental screenings. A deeper understanding of how environmental toxins disrupt mitochondrial function and mito-nuclear communication will illuminate the mechanisms underlying various diseases and aid in developing targeted protective and therapeutic strategies. Topic editors: Christopher Osgood, Ajay Vikram Singh Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/71089/the-impact-of-environmental-toxins-on-mitochondria-and-mitochondria-nucleus-communication