Translational brain imaging–guided neuromodulation

The intersection of advanced neuroimaging and neuromodulation is reshaping how we understand and treat disorders of the nervous system. Techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and focused ultrasound have matured considerably over the past two decades. Yet their clinical impact has remained constrained by a fundamental gap: stimulation protocols are rarely informed by the individual’s brain structure and function. Neuroimaging is poised to close that gap. By mapping functional connectivity, cortical excitability, white matter architecture, and network-level dynamics, we can now move beyond one-size-fits-all approaches and toward precision neuromodulation grounded in the living brain’s own organization.This Research Topic brings together original research, systematic reviews, and perspective articles that sit at the interface of brain imaging and therapeutic neuromodulation. We welcome contributions spanning basic neuroscience, translational methodology, clinical trials, and computational modeling. Work addressing both invasive and non-invasive techniques is in scope, as are contributions focused on any neurological or neuropsychiatric condition where neuromodulation holds therapeutic promise.Submissions may address, but are not limited to, the following themes:Imaging-guided target selection — use of structural MRI, diffusion tractography, or resting-state fMRI to identify and personalize stimulation targets for TMS, tDCS, DBS, or focused ultrasoundReal-time closed-loop systems — integration of EEG, fMRI, fNIRS, or electrophysiology with neuromodulation devices to enable adaptive, state-dependent stimulationNetwork-level mechanisms — how focal stimulation propagates through and reorganizes large-scale brain networks, and what this means for therapeutic designComputational and biophysical modeling — electric field modeling, connectome-informed stimulation, and digital twins of individual patientsMethodological advances — new acquisition sequences, artifact correction strategies, and analytical pipelines purpose-built for imaging during or after stimulationPediatric and lifespan considerations — developmental and age-related factors that modulate imaging-guided neuromodulation efficacy and safetyBiomarkers and predictors of treatment response — identification of imaging, electrophysiological, or multimodal biomarkers associated with neuromodulation efficacy, treatment personalization, and clinical outcomes. Topic editors: Valeria Sacca, Hideaki Tamai Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/82141/translational-brain-imaging-guided-neuromodulation