Unraveling Sex Disparities in Cancer Immunotherapy: Hormonal and Genetic Influences

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape for various malignancies, offering new hope for patients. However, recent evidence has highlighted significant sex disparities in the outcomes of these treatments, raising critical questions about the underlying biological mechanisms. Current research suggests that sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, may play a pivotal role in modulating immune responses, thereby influencing the efficacy of immunotherapies like checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapy. Additionally, genetic variations, particularly those related to immune system genes, may further exacerbate these disparities. Despite these insights, there remains a substantial gap in understanding how these factors interact to affect treatment outcomes. Addressing these gaps is crucial for developing more effective and personalized cancer immunotherapy strategies that account for sex differences.This research topic aims to investigate the biological mechanisms contributing to sex disparities in cancer immunotherapy outcomes. The primary objectives include exploring the roles of sex hormones, genetic variations, and other biological factors that influence the efficacy and safety of immunotherapies across different cancer types. By examining these elements, the research seeks to uncover novel strategies to optimize immunotherapy for both sexes, ultimately leading to more personalized and effective treatment approaches.To gather further insights into the complex interplay of biological factors affecting cancer immunotherapy outcomes, we welcome articles addressing, but not limited to, the following themes:- The impact of sex hormones on the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.- Genetic and molecular differences in immune response between males and females.- Sex-specific variations in the tumor microenvironment and their influence on immunotherapy outcomes.- Novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate sex disparities in cancer treatment.Please note that manuscripts consisting solely of bioinformatics or computational analysis of public genomic or transcriptomic databases which are not accompanied by robust and relevant validation (clinical cohort or biological validation in vitro or in vivo) are out of scope for this Research Topic. Topic editors: Hua Zhong, Jing Yang, Jie Xian Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/67168/unraveling-sex-disparities-in-cancer-immunotherapy-hormonal-and-genetic-influences