Unraveling the Neuropsychological Ground of Substance-Related and Non-Substance-Related Addictive Behaviors

Modern neuropsychology views addiction as the behavioral consequence of neuroadaptation including notably maladaptive recalibration of the reward system from "liking" (hedonic pleasure) to "wanting" (compulsive craving), a breakdown in executive control and abnormal emotional processing. The state of the art in addiction neuropsychology has shifted from a simple "dopamine rush" theory to a complex neuro-circuitry model characterized by multiple structural and functional brain reorganization. Neuropsychology considers both the risk factors and the consequences of addictive behaviors, with an interest on recovery and the reversibility of neurobiological process. Based on the heterogeneity of profiles, the field is moving toward individual neuropsychological phenotyping, including cognitive, behavioral and emotional abilities, which would allow us to stratify patients and provide personalized and adapted care.The main goal will be to:1. Describe the similarities and specificities of neuropsychological profiles associated with mono versus polysubstances consumption;2. Compare the similarities and specificities of neuropsychological profiles associated with substance-related and behavioral addictions;3. Identify how these neuropsychological mechanisms may recover with abstinence or moderate consumption;4. Determine how different factors (age, comorbidities, genetics, etc.) modulate neuropsychological profiles and recovery;5. Highlight new important neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation tools,6. Identify brain networks underlying cognitive, behavioral and emotional alterations.We welcome Original Research, Reviews, Mini Review, Case Reports, observational as well as interventional studies pointing to: ● Explore how these neuropsychological mechanisms / neuro-circuits differ between mono- vs. polydrug consumption? ● Explore how these neuropsychological mechanisms / neuro-circuits differ between substance addictions (like opioids) versus behavioral addictions (like gambling)?● Explore how habit- vs. goal-directed mechanisms may trigger addictive states? ● Explore how neuropsychological phenotypes help clinicians predict which treatments (e.g., Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)) or medications will be most effective for an individual. ● Explore how these neuropsychological mechanisms / neuro-circuits predict treatment outcome. Topic editors: Salvatore Campanella Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/78416/unraveling-the-neuropsychological-ground-of-substance-related-and-non-substance-related-addictive-behaviors