Correction
Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering ·
Volume 12 - 2026 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmech.2026.1977529
Correction: Fault diagnosis and prediction of industrial hydraulic pumps based on KOA-CNN-BILSTM model
- Ting Zhong1
- Weiyi Zhu1*corresponding author
- College of Big Data and Statistics, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu, China
Abstract
Keywords
Equation 4 in 2.2 Section was erroneously given as y k l = ReLU ∑ i = 1 K c ω k , j · x l + i − 1 + b k. The correct equation is y k l = ReLU ∑ i = 1 K c ω k , i · x l + i − 1 + b k.
Among them, Please revise the sentence. The sentence in Line 383 of Section 2.2 was erroneously given as “In Equation 4, ω k , j is the weight of the ith conv kernel”. The correct sentence is “In Equation 4, ω k , i is the weight of the ith conv kernel”.
Equation 6 in 2.2 Section was erroneously given as f t = S i g m o i d W f · h t − 1 , x t + b f d t = S i g m o i d W d · h t − 1 , x t + b d C t ∼ = tanh W c · h t − 1 , x t + b c C t = f t ⊙ C t − 1 + i i ⊙ C t ∼ o t = S i g m o i d W o · h t − 1 , x t + b o h t = o t ⊙ tanh C t.
The correct equation isf t = S i g m o i d W f · h t − 1 , x t + b f i t = S i g m o i d W d · h t − 1 , x t + b d C t ∼ = tanh W c · h t − 1 , x t + b c C t = f t ⊙ C t − 1 + i t ⊙ C t ∼ o t = S i g m o i d W o · h t − 1 , x t + b o h t = o t ⊙ tanh C t.
Among them, Please revise the sentence. The sentence in Line 400 of Section 2.2 was erroneously given as “input gate d t”. The correct sentence is “input gate i t”.
Equation 8 in 2.2 Section was erroneously given as y j ∼ = exp W j + b j ∑ k = 1 k exp W k + b k. The correct equation is y j ∼ = exp W j · v + b j ∑ k = 1 k exp W k + b k.
Equation 12 in 2.2 Section was erroneously given as Q i t + 1 = Q i t + α r 3 ⊙ Q s u n − Q i t + 1. The correct equation is Q i t + 1 = Q i t + α r 3 ⊙ Q s u n − Q i t.
The original version of this article has been updated.
There was a mistake in Table 1 as published. The corrected Table 1 appears below.
TABLE 1. Parameter settings of the KOA-CNN-BILSTM.
| Module | Parameter | Value/Range |
|---|---|---|
| CNN | Number of conv layers | 2 |
| Number of filters (Layer 1) | 64 | |
| Number of filters (Layer 2) | 128 | |
| Kernel size | 3 | |
| Pooling size | 2 | |
| Stride | 2 | |
| Activation function | ReLU | |
| BILSTM | Hidden units | 128 |
| Number of layers | 1 | |
| Dropout rate | 0.5 | |
| Training | Learning rate | 0.001 |
| Batch size | 64 | |
| Epochs | 200 | |
| Optimizer | Adam | |
| Loss function | Cross-entropy | |
| KOA | Population size | 20 |
| Maximum iterations | 50 | |
| Optimization dimension | 4 | |
| Inertia weight | 0.9 linearly decreasing to 0.4 | |
| Learning factors | 2.0, 2.0 | |
| Rotation coefficient | 0.1 |
There was a mistake in Figure 9 as published. The corrected Figure 9 appears below.
There was a mistake in the caption of Figure 5 as published. The corrected caption of Figure 5 appears below.

“Figure 5 Comparison of accuracy and precision curves. (a) Accuracy; (b) Precision”.
There was a mistake in the caption of Figure 7 as published. The corrected caption of Figure 7 appears below.


“Figure 7 Comparison of training time, inference time and the GFLOPs (a) Training time; (b) Inference time; (c) GFLOPs”.
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Footnotes
Edited and reviewed by: Donato Perfetto, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
Citation
Zhong, T. & Zhu, W. (2026). Correction: Fault diagnosis and prediction of industrial hydraulic pumps based on KOA-CNN-BILSTM model. Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering, Volume 12. https://doi.org/
- Received
- Accepted
- Published
- Volume
- 12 - 2026
Copyright
Copyright © 2026 Zhong and Zhu.
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
*Correspondence: Weiyi Zhu
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