Original ResearchPublished 31 August 2026Hot electron model for ion emission (Hermione): an effective model for target normal sheath acceleration ion spectra from femtosecond to picosecond lasersC. L. C. Lacoste · N. Iwata · M. Bardon · E. D’Humières · Y. Sentoku · P. AnticiFrontiers in Physicsdoi 10.3389/fphy.2026.1849759