Original ResearchPublished 14 September 2026Computationally efficient hybrid multi-domain transform fusion for secure image steganography using rate–distortion optimization and Toom–Cook accelerationAbhrendu Bhattacharya · Raktim Kumar Dey · Amit R. Welekar · Rajesh Bose · Sandip Roy · Arfat Ahmad Khan · Muhammad Shoaib Ayub · Insoo KooFrontiers in Signal Processingdoi 10.3389/frsip.2026.1864603