Original ResearchPublished 14 September 2026Few-frame depth image reconstruction algorithm for GM-APD LiDAR based on three-dimensional spatiotemporal kernel density estimationRongxing Guo · Xiaolong Hu · Zhongliang Deng · Zhaoqing Shi · Chenfei Xie · Pengge Ma · Dongfang GuoFrontiers in Physicsdoi 10.3389/fphy.2026.1920313