Original ResearchPublished 24 September 2026Cultural codes in Kazakh and Nogai traditional dress: a comparative semiotic analysis of museum and documentary evidenceGulimay Temirova · Seifolla Zhankadyrov · Zaure Ayupova · Daurenbek Kussainov · Ali Rafet ÖzkanFrontiers in Communicationdoi 10.3389/fcomm.2026.1892616