Original ResearchPublished 8 October 2026Amomum tsao-ko volatile oil alleviates renal fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomy rats through TGF- β 1/SMAD3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathwaysHuanyue Cui · Meiru Shi · Qing Xu · Shangwen Zhou · Xin Li · Hangyu Wang · Dahong Yao · Ke Zhang · Pinghua Sun · Jinhui WangFrontiers in Pharmacologydoi 10.3389/fphar.2026.1819932