Original ResearchPublished 23 September 2026Adaptive clock modeling for real-time GPS/Galileo PPP timing of LEO satellitesShiyu Yu · Guanqi Liu · Tianpei Liu · Xinyun Cao · Guangjie Luo · Qiwei Chen · Fei Shen · Dong ZhangFrontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciencesdoi 10.3389/fspas.2026.1967277