ReviewPublished 1 December 2025The use of observed-to-expected analyses as a signal detection tool in COVID-19 vaccine safety surveillance: lessons learned from an industry perspectiveLaurence Serradell · Antonella Fretta · Jenny Nachbar · Jill Dreyfus · Diana Garofalo · Arianna Lucini · Susan Mather · Daina Esposito · Anne-Laure Chabanon · Vincent Bauchau · Sarah SellersFrontiers in Drug Safety and Regulationdoi 10.3389/fdsfr.2025.1650992
