Original ResearchPublished 12 October 2026Inflammatory and cardiac-stress biomarkers in Moyamoya disease: the role of GDF-15Fengxia Guo · Hanxiao Li · Qiushi Guo · Yumeng Wang · Xiaohuan Zhang · Weiguang LuoFrontiers in Aging Neurosciencedoi 10.3389/fnagi.2026.1906016