Original ArticlePublished 1 September 2026Deaths of despair in England, 2014–2022: trends by sex and socioeconomic deprivation before and after COVID-19Steven Wyatt · Jonathan Spencer · Paul Seamer · Andrew Jones · Alison Turner · Mai Stafford · Kathryn Marszalek · Mohammed Amin MohammedInternational Journal of Public Healthdoi 10.3389/ijph.2026.1609841