ReviewPublished 16 September 2026Distributed energy resources in the electricity supply market: participation pathways, applications, challenges, and key recommendations—a European perspectiveShoaib Ahmed · Jamshed Ahmed Ansari · Mahwish Memon · Muhammad Fawad Shaikh · Qasir Ali · Abdul Majeed Shaikh · Aqeel Ahmed · Federico MinelliFrontiers in Energy Researchdoi 10.3389/fenrg.2026.1832115