Original ResearchPublished 5 October 2026Elevation-cutoff-dependent convergence and steady-state performance of LEO-augmented multi-GNSS PPP time transferTianpei Liu · Daqian Lyu · Pulong Nan · Jian Lyu · Xinyun Cao · Mengqi Qiang · Zhouji Wang · Fei Shen · Caoming Fan · Yifei ZhaoFrontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciencesdoi 10.3389/fspas.2026.1969705