Articles | Frontiers

Review

Published 18 December 2025

A narrative review on the environmental impact of medicines: from water analysis and in vivo studies to prescribing appropriateness, based on European and Italian legal frameworks

Irene Cristini · Elisabetta Poluzzi · Federica Soardo · Salvatore Crisafulli · Stefano Polesello · Ursula Kirchmayer · Marco Milani · Francesca Russo · Michele Nicoletti · Giovanna Scroccaro · Paola Deambrosis · Shima Tavakolian Haghighi · Jacopo Grisotto · Ugo Moretti · Giovanna Paolone · Gianluca Trifirò

Frontiers in Drug Safety and Regulation

doi 10.3389/fdsfr.2025.1681648