Original ResearchPublished 12 May 2026The effect of Eu 3+ ion on photoluminescence and scintillator properties in QS-P 2 O 5 -CaO-BaO-Gd 2 O 3 glassesJuniastel Rajagukguk · Jonny H. Panggabean · Juniar Hutahaean · Howard Situmorang · Elyzabeth Simanullang · Chayani S. Sarumaha · Yotsakit Ruangtaweep · Jakrapong KaewkhaoFrontiers in Photonicsdoi 10.3389/fphot.2026.1834287