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Every article on Frontiers is peer reviewed, permanently archived and free to read.

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Original Research
Published 22 July 2026
Exploring personality assessments of animals in human care: a case study on polar bear ages, hierarchy, and behavior
Anna M. Möhlmann · Maartje S. Penninga · Stephen D. Petersen · Courtney R. Shuert
Frontiers in Ethology
doi 10.3389/fetho.2026.1867861