Original ResearchPublished 29 April 2026Examining condensation and freezing behavior on a laser-patterned metallic surface using an AI neural network modelJane C. Turner · Aryan Singh Dalal · Hande Küçük McGinty · Melanie M. Derby · Amy R. BetzFrontiers in Thermal Engineeringdoi 10.3389/fther.2026.1808591