ReviewPublished 3 September 2026Defect chemistry in electrocatalysis: mechanistic insights and design principles for sustainable energy conversion and environmental remediationAkeem Adeyemi Oladipo · Aliyu Ahmed Ibrahim · Abimbola O. Aleshinloye · Adewale Sulaiman OladipoFrontiers in Catalysisdoi 10.3389/fctls.2026.1920221