ReviewPublished 12 October 2026Gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and mucosal barrier dysfunction in benign anorectal disorders and ulcerative colitis: shared mechanisms, clinical links, and precision interventionsHexue Yuan · Maofang Zhao · Yunfen Wang · Chen Shen · Delong Liu · Chunxiao Wang · Jian LiuFrontiers in Medicinedoi 10.3389/fmed.2026.1979206