Original ResearchPublished 9 September 2026Rethinking climate vulnerability in livestock systems: evidence from exposure, adaptation, and within-system heterogeneity in West AfricaSoulé Akinhola Adéchian · Janvier Egah · V. F. Grâce Nadège Dedehou · Traoré Kabirou Bio Comada · Mahugnon Néhémie Kotobiodjo · Gountante Dansoip · Taïba Germaine Ainyakou · Kokou Tchalla · Adja Ferdinand Vanga · Claude Codjia · Mohamed Nasser BacoFrontiers in Climatedoi 10.3389/fclim.2026.1868024