Original ResearchPublished 23 September 2026Galaxy–galaxy strong lensing simulation with GPU acceleration across surveys and multi-bandsFucheng Zhong · Ruibiao Luo · Nicola R. Napolitano · Crescenzo Tortora · Valerio Busillo · Rui LiFrontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciencesdoi 10.3389/fspas.2026.1796733